In late 2003 his graduate student showed squeezing down to a few hundred Hertz using nonlinear crystals.
2.
It consists of a nonlinear crystal plate ( thick 1-2 mm ) sandwiched between two crossed polarizers.
3.
In Micro-SPIDER the spectral shear required for a SPIDER measurement is generated in a thick nonlinear crystal with carefully engineered phasematching function.
4.
Depending on the type and orientation of the nonlinear crystal, and on the direction of the applied electric field, the phase delay can depend on the polarization direction.
5.
It does not pay to use a nonlinear crystal much longer than the coherence length . ( Periodic poling and quasi-phase-matching provide another approach to this problem .)
6.
As a combination of both previous cases, a nonlinear crystal can be used to generate the second harmonic at the output of a Michelson interferometer, in a " collinear geometry ".
7.
From light of opposite ends of the broadened spectrum the difference frequency is generated in a nonlinear crystal and a heterodyne beat between this mixing product and light at the same wavelength of the original spectrum is measured.
8.
The principle of operation is based on the linear electro-optic effect ( the Pockels effect, the modification of the refractive index of a nonlinear crystal by an electric field in proportion to the field strength ).
9.
Effective from 1 July 2008, all components business activities ( covering laser & nonlinear crystals, positioning mechanics, mounts and optical tables ) were moved from EKSPLA to an Optolita company with the brand name of and doing business as EKSMA OPTICS.
10.
If the difference frequency of light of opposite ends of a broadened spectrum is generated in a nonlinear crystal, the resulting frequency comb is carrier envelope offset-free since the two spectral parts contributing to the DFG share the same carrier envelope offset frequency.
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